Res sub judice is a Latin phrase, meaning of ‘Res Sub Judice’ is “under judgment” or “under a judge”. Means the former suit is pending under the same matter in issue between same parties in other court.
Res sub Judice का अर्थ है कि कोई former suit or proceeding किसी कोर्ट में लंबित है। इसको stay of suit भी कहते है।
- Does not apply to any specific issue.
- It applies to whole suit, as the former suit pending or under judgement against newly instituted suit in same matter in issue between same parties.
Definition of Res Sub Judice or stay of suit.
Code of civil procedure 1908 section 10 deals with the res Sub Judice. This section states that
- No Court shall proceed with the trial of any suit in which the matter in issue is also directly and substantially in issue in a previously instituted suit between the same parties.
- Or between parties under whom they or any of them claim litigating under the same title where such suit is pending in the same or any other Court in India have jurisdiction to grant the relief claimed.
- Or in any Court beyond the limits of India established or continued by the Central Government and having like jurisdiction, or before the Supreme Court.
विचाराधीन वाद धारा 10 सिविल प्रक्रिया संहिता 1908
सिविल प्रक्रिया संहिता 1908 की धारा 10 में बताया गया है कि अगर कोई suit जिसमे matter in issue जो की सीधे और पर्याप्त रूप (काफ़ी हद तक ) से पिछल suit or proceedings में same parties के बीच में किसी अन्य कोर्ट में pending यानि विचाराधीन है।
तब कोई कोर्ट उस suit or proceeding को आगे बढ़ा या बढ़ नहीं सकती। चाहे पिछली suit भारत के किसी भी कोर्ट में चल रहा हो।
मतलब वह कोर्ट जो भारत सरकार द्वारा या भारत के क्षेत्रा अधिकार में आता हो, चाहे वह कोर्ट देश के बाहर हो या देश में। देश के बाहर, जैसे भारत के दूतावास में जो वाद विचाराधीन है। उसपर res sub Judice का सिद्धांत लागू होगा अगर matter in issue और parties सामान है ।
Explanation of section 10 of Civil procedure code, foreign court
Explanation of section 10 of cpc explain that, the pendency of a suit in a foreign Court does not preclude the Courts in India from trying a suit founded on the same cause of action.
This explanation clarified that if any suit or proceedings pending between the same parties in same matter in issue then this concept of Res Sub Judice will not apply
As in this section 10 of Civil procedure code in which it stated that Court beyond the limits of India established or continued by the Central Government and having like jurisdiction, or before the Supreme Court have only jurisdiction.
Meaning of preclude
The meaning of preclude is, to prevent (a party) from litigating an action or claim.
Essential of Res sub Judice section 10 Civil procedure code
- There must be two suits
- One previously instituted and other
- Substantially instituted in the same matter in issue.
- Both the suits must be between the same parties or their representative.
- Both suits must be directly and substantially have the same matter in issue.
- The parties must be litigating under the same title in both the suits.
- The suit which is pending in the previous Court have the jurisdiction to grant the relief claimed in the subsequent suit.
Can res subJudice apply to issue?
Res SubJudice does not applied to issue even it, if is applied it will not serve the purpose as the court cannot give judgement or decide the suit having one issue stayed.
All the issue is either identically the same or the issue or substantially the same section 10 no where declare it will apply only upon issues also rather the initial part clearly specified that no court shall proceed with the trial of any suit.
Therefore in order to apply res sub judice either all the issue or identically in the same or they should be substantially the same.